It’s best to leave your work alone for at least a day or two after completing the first draft. Your perspective might be positively or negatively biased-especially if you try to assess your work shortly after finishing it. It can be difficult to look objectively at your own writing. Redrafting means substantially adding or removing content, while revising involves making changes to structure and reformulating arguments. Now it’s time to look critically at your first draft and find potential areas for improvement. For a longer text like a dissertation, you and your supervisor might agree on deadlines for individual chapters. Give yourself a first draft deadline that leaves you a reasonable length of time to revise, edit, and proofread before the final deadline. Once you have a full draft in front of you, you’ll have a clearer idea of where improvement is needed. The goal at this stage is to get a draft completed, not to make everything perfect as you go along. Use appropriate transition words and phrases to show the connections between your ideas. When you move onto a different topic, start a new paragraph. In this way, Austen again shows us a character whose morally upright behavior is fundamentally a performance-for whom the goal of doing good is less important than the goal of seeming good. Instead, she stage-manages the charitable actions of others, never acknowledging that her schemes do not put her own time or money on the line. Norris is strongly concerned with appearing charitable, but unwilling to make any personal sacrifices to accomplish this. This hypocrisy does not interfere with her self-conceit as “the most liberal-minded sister and aunt in the world” (p. Early in the novel, she is described in scathing terms as one who knows “how to dictate liberality to others: but her love of money was equal to her love of directing” (p. Norris provides another example of the performance of morals in Mansfield Park. Even for a short text that won’t use headings, it’s useful to summarize what you’ll discuss in each paragraph.Īn outline for a literary analysis essay might look something like this: Example of an essay structure outline Use bullet points or numbering to make your structure clear at a glance. The outline doesn’t have to be final-it’s okay if your structure changes throughout the writing process. This should help you work out the main ideas you want to focus on and how you’ll organize them. It’s far better to plan this out in advance than to try to work out your structure once you’ve already begun writing.Ĭreating an essay outline is a useful way to plan out your structure before you start writing. Step 2: Planning and outliningĮspecially in academic writing, it’s important to use a logical structure to convey information effectively. Keep track of the titles, authors, publication dates, and relevant quotations from your sources the data you gathered and your initial analysis or interpretation of the questions you’re addressing. experiments, interviews or surveys)įrom a writing perspective, the important thing is to take plenty of notes while you do the research. Collecting data using relevant research methods (e.g.Reading the relevant texts closely (e.g.Searching for primary and secondary sources.This process varies according to your field of study and the scope of the assignment. Once you know your topic, it’s time to search for relevant sources and gather the information you need. For example, an appropriate topic for an essay might be narrowed down like this: Narrowing down a topic19th-century literature Novels in the romantic period The novels of Jane Austen The theme of theater in Mansfield Park Doing the research Narrow down your idea to a specific argument or question. Don’t pick anything too ambitious to cover within the word count, or too limited for you to find much to say. The scope depends on what type of text you’re writing-for example, an essay or a research paper will be less in-depth than a dissertation topic. If you have to come up with your own topic for an assignment, think of what you’ve covered in class- is there a particular area that intrigued, interested, or even confused you? Topics that left you with additional questions are perfect, as these are questions you can explore in your writing. Capitalizing chapter and section headingsīefore you start writing, you need to decide exactly what you’ll write about and do the necessary research.
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